An warware: takardun kunkuru

Hotunan kunkuru sanannen hanya ce ta gabatar da shirye-shirye ga yara. Da farko wani bangare ne na yaren shirye-shiryen Logo wanda Wally Feurzig da Seymour Papert suka tsara a cikin 1966. A Python, muna da ɗakin karatu na kunkuru, wanda ke ba mu damar ƙirƙira da sarrafa zanen kunkuru cikin sauƙi. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika takardun Kunkuru, mu fahimci ayyukanta, kuma mu koyi yadda ake warware takamaiman matsala ta amfani da wannan ɗakin karatu.

Kunkuru Library da Muhimmancinsa

The kunkuru ɗakin karatu shine madaidaicin ɗakin karatu na Python wanda ke ba da sauƙin fahimta don zana siffofi da hotuna akan zane mai kama-da-wane. Yana da amfani musamman ga masu farawa saboda yana ba su damar koyon dabarun tsara shirye-shirye a gani. Samfurin zane na kunkuru yana amfani da kunkuru, wanda shine ainihin siginan kwamfuta a cikin sifar triangle, wanda ke motsawa akan jirgin sama mai girma biyu yana bin takamaiman umarni.

Laburaren kunkuru yana ba mu damar ƙirƙirar hotuna masu rikitarwa da raye-raye, koyar da warware matsala, ƙira, da yadda za a rushe manyan ayyuka zuwa ƙananan matakan sarrafawa. Wasu mahimman fasali da ayyukan ɗakin karatu na kunkuru sune:

• Ayyukan zane mai sauƙi don matsawa gaba, baya, juya dama, da juya hagu.
• Sarrafa alƙalamin kunkuru, gami da launi, kauri, da siffofi masu cikawa.
• Nagartattun fasalulluka kamar kunkuru na cloning, canza siffofi, da shirye-shiryen da ke haifar da aukuwa.

Magani ga Matsala: Zana Karkace

A matsayin misali, bari mu yi tunanin muna son zana karkace ta amfani da ɗakin karatu na kunkuru. Za mu rubuta shirin Python don ƙirƙirar wannan karkace, tafiya ta kowane mataki don fahimtar lambar da ke ciki. Maganin mu zai ƙunshi amfani da madaukai, ayyukan motsi na kunkuru, da sarrafa bayyanar alkalami.

import turtle

wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor("black")

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(0)
t.color("white")

def draw_spiral(t, length, angle):
    for i in range(100):
        t.forward(length)
        t.right(angle)
        length = length + 2

draw_spiral(t, 5, 89)

wn.mainloop()

Bayanin mataki-mataki na Code

Na farko, mu shigo da ɗakin karatu na kunkuru kuma ƙirƙirar taga don nuna zane-zanenmu. Mun saita launin baya zuwa baki kuma mun ƙirƙiri wani abu kunkuru mai suna 't' tare da launin farin alƙalami da iyakar gudu.

import turtle

wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor("black")

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(0)
t.color("white")

Na gaba, muna ayyana aiki draw_spiral() wanda ke ɗaukar sigogi guda uku: abin kunkuru, tsawon farkon ɓangaren karkace, da kusurwar juyawa. A cikin wannan aikin, muna amfani da a don madauki don sake maimaita adadin matakan da ake so, motsa kunkuru gaba, juya shi, da haɓaka tsayin sashi.

def draw_spiral(t, length, angle):
    for i in range(100):
        t.forward(length)
        t.right(angle)
        length = length + 2

A ƙarshe, muna kira da draw_spiral() aiki tare da abin kunkuru, tsayin farawa, da kusurwar juyawa. Daga nan sai mu fara babban madauki na taga zanen kunkuru, wanda ke nuna karkace har sai mun rufe taga.

draw_spiral(t, 5, 89)

wn.mainloop()

Wannan shirin Python yana nuna ainihin yadda ake amfani da ɗakin karatu na kunkuru, daga kafa yanayi zuwa ayyana aiki don ƙirƙirar karkace. Gwaji tare da tsayin farko da kusurwoyi daban-daban zai haifar da sifofin karkace daban-daban.

A ƙarshe, ɗakin karatu na kunkuru wani kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci ga masu farawa da masana, suna ba da hanya mai ban sha'awa don koyo da koyar da dabarun tsara shirye-shirye. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan fasali da ayyuka, ya sa ya zama manufa don duba hadaddun ra'ayoyi da ƙirƙirar raye-raye masu ban sha'awa.