An warware: mai tsara kwanan wata

Aiki tare da kwanakin aiki ne na gama-gari a cikin kowane tsarin muhalli na shirye-shirye. Ko kuna shiga abubuwan da suka faru ko kuna yin nazari-tsakiyar lokaci, akwai yuwuwar za ku gamu da buƙatun sarrafa da tsara kwanakin a Python. Mai tsara kwanan wata kayan aiki ne mai matuƙar amfani don irin waɗannan ayyuka, saboda yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi don canza abubuwan kwanan wata da lokaci zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kirtani, ta yadda za a iya baje kolin yadda za a iya nunawa ko amfani da kwanakin.

Babban ɗakin karatu da ke da hannu wajen tsara kwanan wata a Python shine lokacin rayuwa. Wannan dakin karatu wani bangare ne na daidaitattun kayan aiki na Python, ma'ana ana iya amfani da shi ba tare da buƙatar shigar da kowane ɗakin karatu na ɓangare na uku ba kafin a shigo da shi da amfani da shi. Tare da wannan ɗakin karatu, sarrafa ranaku, lokuta, lokutan kwanan wata, timedeltas, da ƙari ne iska.

Hanyar tsara kwanan wata ta amfani da ɗakin karatu na kwanan wata na Python za a iya raba shi zuwa matakai na farko: (1) shigo da ɗakin karatu, (2) ƙirƙirar abun kwanan wata, da (3) yin amfani da tsarin kirtani da ake so zuwa abun kwanan wata.

Misali na misali

Da ke ƙasa akwai misalin wannan tsari a aikace. A cikin wannan misali, za mu ƙirƙiri wani abu na kwanan wata da ke wakiltar kwanan wata da lokaci na yanzu, sa'an nan kuma mu tsara shi zuwa wakilcin kirtani:

import datetime    # step 1: import library

now = datetime.datetime.now()    # step 2: create date object
formatted_now = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")    # step 3: format date

print(formatted_now)	# will print out the date in the following format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"

A cikin wannan misali, an tsara abin kwanan lokaci 'yanzu' ta amfani da lokacin aiki hanya, wanda ke canza abu na kwanan wata zuwa tsarin kirtani. Tsarin da aka ba da hanyar strftime yana ƙayyade yadda aka tsara kirtan sakamako: "% Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" yana nuna cewa ya kamata a wakilta shekara a matsayin lamba huɗu, sannan kuma wata da rana a matsayin lambobi masu lamba biyu, da sa'o'i, mintuna, da sakan kuma a matsayin lambobi masu lamba biyu.

Fahimtar strftime

Hanyar strftime tana nufin "lokacin tsarin kirtani". Hanya ce ta kwanan wata, kwanan wata, da abubuwan lokaci, kuma tana karɓar kirtani mai tsari azaman ma'aunin sa. Wannan tsarin kirtani ya ƙunshi "lambobin tsarin", waɗanda umarni ne na musamman waɗanda ke canzawa zuwa wasu sassan kwanan wata ko lokaci.

Anan akwai ƙananan lambobin tsarin strftime da ake yawan amfani da su:

• %Y: Shekarar lambobi huɗu
• %m: Watan lambobi biyu
• %d: kwana biyu
• %H: Sa'a mai lamba biyu (tsarin sa'o'i 24)
• %M: Mintuna lambobi biyu
• %S: daƙiƙa biyu lambobi

Ƙarin ɗakunan karatu na tsara kwanan wata

Yayin da ɗakin karatu na kwanan wata wani ɓangare ne na daidaitattun sadaukarwa na Python, akwai wasu ɗakunan karatu da ke akwai waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin fasalulluka don aiki tare da kwanan wata. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• kwanan wata: Ƙari ga tsarin kwanan wata, yana ƙara wasu fasaloli masu dacewa
• pytz: Cikakken goyon bayan yankin lokaci
• arrow: "Kwananni da lokutan da aka sauƙaƙa", yunƙurin sauƙaƙawa da haɓaka sarrafa kwanan wata da tsarawa

A taƙaice, tsara kwanan wata aiki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan Python da yawa, kuma wanda ɗimbin kayan aikin sarrafa kwanan wata da tsararrun kayan aikin Python suka sanya shi mai sauƙi. Ta fahimtar yadda ake amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin, za mu iya sauƙaƙa rayuwarmu sosai idan ya zo ga ayyuka da suka haɗa da ranaku da lokuta.