Gado a cikin shirye-shiryen Python babban jigo ne mai fa'ida wanda aka samo asali a cikin tsarin ƙididdige abubuwa. Manufar tana ba masu shirye-shirye damar yin amfani da lambar ajin da aka rubuta a baya don tsawaita da tsara yadda ake aiwatar da sabon lambar su, ta yadda za a daidaita albarkatu, kawar da sakewa, da haɓaka iya karanta lambar. Abubuwan tushe na wannan fasaha sun haɗa da ajin iyaye, wanda kuma aka sani da tushe ko babban aji, da kuma ajin yara, wanda aka sani da ƙaramin aji ko wanda aka samu.
A cikin tsarin gadon Python, ƙaramin ajin zai iya gaji ayyuka daga babban aji kuma ya ƙara sababbi, takamaiman fasalulluka. Lokacin da aka fuskanci al'amuran da suka haɗa da babban rukuni na azuzuwan waɗanda ke raba ayyuka na gama gari, gado zai iya zama mafita mai ma'ana don haɓaka ƙima da kiyayewa.
Manufar gadon aji na gabaɗaya a Python yana tattare da akidar cewa wani aji na iya yin amfani da fasalulluka na babban aji amma a lokaci guda su manta da takamaiman nau'ikan (nau'ikan) na bayanan da babban aji ke sarrafa su.
Fahimtar Gadon Ajin Gabaɗaya
A cikin Python, gadon aji na gabaɗaya yana nufin ƙirƙirar tsarin coding wanda ba a ɗaure shi da takamaiman nau'ikan bayanai ba. Manufar ita ce a ƙyale azuzuwan don sarrafa tsarin bayanai bisa ƙa'idodin da aka ayyana a cikin babban aji, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in bayanansu ba.
class GenericClass:
def method(self, data):
pass
class ChildClass(GenericClass):
def method(self, data):
super().method(data)
# Child class specific code here
A cikin misalin da ke sama, da Babban Class yana bayyana tsarin asali wanda ke karɓar kowane bayanan bayanai. Duk da haka, da Matsayin Yara, wanda ya gaji daga GenericClass, yana da 'yanci don sarrafa shigar da bayanai ta hanyarsa ko ƙara ƙarin rikitarwa ga tsarin.
Kyawawan gadon aji na gaba daya a cikin Python ya ta'allaka ne a cikin sassauci da haɓaka lambar da yake bayarwa. Masu shirye-shirye na iya ganin gadon aji na gabaɗaya azaman akwatin kayan aiki da ke cike da kayan aiki daban-daban (ayyukan da aka riga aka ayyana/hanyoyi), waɗanda ke shirye don ɗauka da amfani da su don ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira.
Dakunan karatu don Gadon Aji na Gabaɗaya a Python
Python yana ba da ingantattun kayayyaki da dakunan karatu da yawa don sarrafa gadon aji. Misali, da iri module yana samar da nau'in ƙirƙira mai ƙarfi da sunaye don nau'ikan ginannun, goyon bayan sassauƙar lambar da sake amfani da fasalulluka masu daraja yayin ƙirƙirar ƙaramin aji.
Wani ɗakin karatu mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan mahallin shine ABC(Abstract Base Classes) module. Wannan tsarin yana haɓaka dabarar gado yayin da yake samar da tsari don ayyana azuzuwan tushe, wanda ke ba da damar azuzuwan da aka samu su ƙetare hanyoyin daga ajin tushe, ta haka yana haɓaka yuwuwar gadon gada.
Aiwatar da Gadon Ajin Gabaɗaya
Aiwatar da gadon aji na gabaɗaya shine Python kai tsaye, duk godiya ga sassauƙa da sauƙi na ƙirar Python. Matakan asali don aiwatar da gadon ajin gabaɗaya sune kamar haka:
# Step 1 creating the superclass
class Parent:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
# common method for all the types of data
def display(self):
return self.data
# Step 2 creating the child classes
class Child1(Parent):
def __init__(self, data):
super().__init__(data)
class Child2(Parent):
def __init__(self, data):
super().__init__(data)
# Step 3 using the child classes
c1 = Child1(10)
c2 = Child2('Python')
print(c1.display())
print(c2.display())
Lambar da ke sama ta ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci guda uku: Ƙirƙirar babban ajin (Iyaye) da ayyana hanyar gama gari don amfani da kowane rukuni, ƙirƙirar ƙaramin aji (Child1 da Child2) waɗanda ke gaji fasali daga iyaye, da kuma amfani da ƙananan azuzuwan don nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban.
Dangane da matsalar da ke hannun, ana iya daidaita hanyoyin gadon Python da kuma daidaita su don samar da ingantacciyar mafita. Abubuwan bukatu na ingantaccen code da kuma lokutan aiki, fahimta da ingantaccen aiwatarwa Manufar gadon aji na Python gabaɗaya yana da mahimmanci, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin coding yayin ba da izinin bincika sabbin sifofi. Da yawan coders suna yin amfani da ginin gadon Python, gwargwadon yadda suke fahimtar yuwuwar wannan harshe mai amfani.
