An warware: kalkuleta

A cikin duniyar kwamfuta mai ban sha'awa, ƙididdiga suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Duk da sauƙin abin da zai fara zuwa a hankali a matsayin masu ƙididdigewa - na'urori don aiwatar da ayyukan ƙididdiga - suna iya zama wasu na'urori masu sarƙaƙƙiya da sarƙaƙƙiya. Musamman, haɓakar ƙididdiga ya ƙunshi la'akari da hankali na algorithms, ƙirar mai amfani da haɓaka aiki. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misalin shine a cikin harshen shirye-shirye na Haskell, inda ake amfani da dabarun shirye-shirye na aiki don magance matsalolin lissafi da kyau.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika yin ainihin ƙididdiga ta amfani da Haskell. Za mu ɓata rikitattun shirye-shirye masu aiki, dalla dalla-dalla mahimman ɗakunan karatu na Haskell da ayyukan da ke tattare da su, kuma za mu buɗe hanyar zuwa mafita a cikin tsari-mataki-mataki.

Shirye-shiryen Aiki a Tsarin Kalkuleta

Shirye-shiryen aiki yana ɗaukar hanya daban-daban ga shirye-shirye fiye da yarukan mahimmanci na gargajiya. Ma'anar shirye-shirye na aiki shine cewa shirye-shirye an gina su ta hanyar amfani da tsara ayyuka, an bambanta da shirye-shirye masu mahimmanci, wanda ya dogara sosai ga canje-canje a cikin yanayi. Haskell, a matsayin harshe mai aiki zalla, yana ƙarfafa masu shirye-shirye don aiwatar da tsarin a cikin salon shela da babban matakin. Ya dace sosai don ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga saboda goyan bayan sa don sarrafa lambobi masu rikitarwa, ƙididdigar lissafi, da manyan ayyuka.

Yi la'akari da aikin lissafi na ƙari. A cikin Haskell, mutum zai iya rubuta aiki don yin wannan aikin kamar haka:

addFunction :: Num a => a -> a -> a
addFunction x y = x + y

Ana kiran layin farko a matsayin nau'in sa hannu. Yana ba da babban matakin tabbacin cewa ayyuka suna yin yadda aka yi niyya, kama mafi yawan kurakurai a lokacin tattarawa.

Haskell Library don Ayyukan Kalkuleta

Ɗayan ƙarfin Haskell shine tarin tarin ɗakunan karatu waɗanda kayan aiki ne masu ƙarfi don kera ingantattun mafita da inganci. Don ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga mai sauƙi, fahimtar manyan ɗakunan karatu biyu yana da mahimmanci: Gabatarwa da Rubutu. Karanta ɗakunan karatu.

Prelude a Haskell shine babban ɗakin karatu wanda ake shigo da shi cikin shirye-shiryenku na Haskell. Yana ba da tsarin ayyuka masu karimci don sarrafa lissafin, sarrafa haruffa, da aiki tare da nau'ikan asali kamar su lamba da lambobi masu iyo.

A gefe guda, ɗakin karatu na Text.Read yana ba da aikin "readMaybe", wanda ke da amfani musamman wajen karanta bayanan mai amfani a cikin shirin ƙididdiga. Yana ba da amintaccen ayyuka na ɓangarori don canza kirtani zuwa masu canjin Haskell.

Tare da waɗannan ɗakunan karatu, ana iya rubuta ainihin aikin ƙididdiga cikin sauƙi.

Gina Kalkuleta: Rushewar Code

Sauka zuwa ƙwanƙwasa tagulla, bari mu shiga cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙididdige ƙididdiga na asali. Rubutun Haskell mai zuwa yana bawa mai amfani damar shigar da zaren aikin lissafi mai sauƙi, kuma ya mayar da sakamakon idan aikin yana aiki:

import Text.Read
import Data.Maybe

calculate :: String -> Maybe Float
calculate exprString =
  case words exprString of
    [num1, "+", num2] -> liftA2 (+) (readMaybe num1) (readMaybe num2)
    [num1, "-", num2] -> liftA2 (-) (readMaybe num1) (readMaybe num2)
    [num1, "*", num2] -> liftA2 (*) (readMaybe num1) (readMaybe num2)
    [num1, "/", num2] -> liftA2 (/) (readMaybe num1) (readMaybe num2)
    _ -> Nothing

Rubutun yana farawa ta hanyar shigo da ɗakin karatu na Text.Read (don shigarwar mai amfani) da kuma Data.Maybe ɗakin karatu, wanda ke ba da nau'in "Wataƙila" wanda ake amfani da shi don nuna yiwuwar ƙididdiga marasa nasara.

Aikin lissafin yana canza kirtan shigarwa zuwa 'Wataƙila Float', ta amfani da madaidaicin tsari don gano aiki da aikin 'liftA2' daga daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu na Prelude don amfani da aiki zuwa lambobi da aka tantance. Wannan aikin yana ƙaddamar da ainihin fasalulluka na kalkuleta kuma yana nuna kyawun shirye-shiryen aiki wajen samun mafita.

Fadada Ayyukan Kalkuleta

Za a iya faɗaɗa ainihin ƙididdiga da muka ƙirƙira tare da ƙarin fasalulluka kamar sarrafa baka, ayyukan ci-gaban lissafi, ko ma adana masu canji. Ƙarin bincike a cikin Haskell da fakitin sa zai bayyana ɗimbin hanyoyin da za a sa na'urar ƙira ta fi ƙwarewa, aiki da mai amfani.

Ta hanyar fahimtar ainihin ra'ayoyi da dakunan karatu a cikin Haskell da kuma matakin-mataki na ginin ƙididdiga mai sauƙi, mutum zai iya jin daɗin kyawun shirye-shiryen aiki wajen magance matsalolin lissafi. Wannan duality na sauƙi da rikitarwa shine abin da ke sa haɓakar ƙididdiga a Haskell ba kawai matsala mai ban sha'awa ba, har ma da tafiya mai dacewa.

Happy codeing da bincike!